This region in recent years has also become to be known as "Southeast Europe." The entire region stretches over 181,000 square miles. Iron ore is rare, but in some countries there is a considerable amount of copper, zinc, tin, chromite, manganese, magnesite and bauxite. The non-Slavic languages of the Balkans are Romanian, Albanian, Greek, and Turkish. Bianquis, C.E. [99] The Jewish communities in the Balkans suffered immensely during World War II, and the vast majority were killed during the Holocaust. The region now faces the challenges of rebuilding buffers in readiness for the next shock while undertaking supply-side reforms to lay the foundations for more sustainable and greener growth. This region is bordered by the Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea. (March 30, 2021). By the mid-14th century, the Ottoman Turks began their expansion into the Balkans. Balkans, also called Balkan Peninsula, easternmost of Europe's three great southern peninsulas. This region lies on the southeastern edge of the European continent. The Western Balkans include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. A.N. Thank you for agreeing to provide feedback on the new version of worldbank.org; your response will help us to improve our website. In 2022, the regional current account deficit was highest in the last decade, with the exception of the pandemic year, rising to 6.9 percent of GDP in 2022 from 4.8 percent the year before. Bulgaria regained its independence in 1908. [16], The earliest mention of the name appears in an early 14th-century Arab map, in which the Haemus Mountains are referred to as Balkan. Freedom of the press stands at 44% and the Press Freedom Index reaches 28.8%, percentages quite low given the country’s progressive development and its European position. Geographers and politicians divide the Balkan peninsula in a variety of ways due to a complicated history. While the unemployment rate declined across all countries to 13.2 percent by end-2022, regional disparities persist. Brill Online Reference Works. A semi-annual report on recent economic developments and the outlook in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). Although tobacco smoke is clearly a major cause of lung cancer, a recent . I had so many adventures in my two months wandering through the Balkans. Although risks remain significant, and while growth continues to slow and prices continue to rise, the Western Balkan economies have shown resilience. Rank Country Area with the Balkan Peninsula (km2) Percentage of Country's Total Area; 1: Bulgaria: 110,800: 100%: 2: Bosnia and Herzegovina: 51,180: . [e] The region of the Western Balkans, a coinage exclusively used in Pan-European parlance, roughly corresponds to the Dinaric Alps territory. Communist rule ended in the Balkans in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A 2013 estimate placed the total Muslim population of the Balkans at around 8 million. Thereafter the Illyrians were known mainly as pirates who disturbed the trade of many Greek settlements on the Adriatic coast. I hiked through the Plitvice Lakes, the most beautiful national park in the world. This region in recent years has also become to be known as “Southeast Europe.” The entire region stretches over 181,000 square miles. The World War I was sparked in the Balkans in 1914 when members of Young Bosnia, a revolutionary organization with predominantly Serb and pro-Yugoslav members, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Bosnia and Herzegovina's capital, Sarajevo. Updates? Turkey, including its European territory, is generally included in Western Asia or the Middle East. Most of my savory dishes around the world are in the Balkans, including borek (savory pastries), kofte (meatballs), and cevapi (lamb kebabs). Greece, because its northern regions of Epirus and Macedonia are often considered parts of the Balkans, also appears on many lists of Balkan states, but it is arguably better characterized as primarily a Mediterranean country. [96], The Jewish communities of the Balkans were some of the oldest in Europe and date back to ancient times. However, in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina fiscal balances deteriorated. They intermingled with the Greeks and gave them the Dionysian and Orphean cults, which later became so important in classical Greek literature. [74], Currently, all of the states are republics, but until World War II all countries were monarchies. How does US debt rank compared with the rest of the world? The two major rivers in the Balkans are the Danube and Sava. What's Waco Texas Known For? All references to Kosovo, whether the territory, institutions or population, in this site shall be understood in full compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 and without prejudice to the status of Kosovo. Check flight prices here to get to the Balkans if you’re not coming overland. Press freedom stands at 44% and the Press Freedom Index at 33.83%. Global Corruption Perception Index for 2021. Fascist Italy expanded the war in the Balkans by using its protectorate Albania to invade Greece. He's always looking for the next adventure. [24][29] A European Union initiative of 1999 is called the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe. Moreover, for some observers, the term “Balkans” is freighted with negative connotations associated with the region’s history of ethnic divisiveness and political upheaval. However, Moldova is politically and economically oriented more toward other onetime republics of the former Soviet Union than it is to the Balkan states. ", Russia's life-saver, Albert Loren Weeks, 2004, p. 98, The encyclopedia of codenames of World War II#Marita, Christopher Chant, 1986, pp. Thracian society was tribal in structure, with little inclination toward political cohesion. Test and grow your knowledge of the Balkans here. D. Dechev considers that Haemus (Αἷμος) is derived from a Thracian word *saimon, 'mountain ridge'. Country-specific chapters: Albania | BiH | Kosovo ALB SRB | North Macedonia ALB MKD | Montenegro | Serbia. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Comerț, industrie, arte, expansiune, civilizație", ediția I, 1936; ediția a II-a, Editura Cartea Armână, Constanța, 2003, 598 p.; Katičić, Radoslav (1976). Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Abstract Globalization does not. The institutions of the European Union have generally used the term Western Balkans to mean the Balkan area that includes countries that are not members of the European Union, while others refer to the geographical aspects. Depopulation in the Western Balkans - GIS Reports [24] The geographical term of a peninsula defines that the water border must be longer than land, with the land side being the shortest in the triangle, but that is not the case with the Balkan Peninsula. List of nominal GDP for European countries in billion USD. Από την Τουρκία στην Κεντρική Ευρώπη ακολουθώντας τους βαλκανικούς φράχτες. By some definitions the region’s northern boundary extends to the Julian Alps and the Carpathians. It is located in the western part of the Balkan peninsula and features a long coastline facing the Adriatic Sea. More often than not, Slovenia is included as a member of the Balkans because of its long historical ties with its neighbours to the southeast and because of its former incorporation in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and federal Yugoslavia. Inflation surged to a two-decade high in 2022 in almost all economies, but now shows signs of easing due to slowing global growth. From Turkey to Central Europe following the Balkan fences. [73] The most recent member state to be added to NATO was North Macedonia on 27 March 2020. The web resource features the most affected countries, the number of new cases, and fatality rates reported daily. [15] A third possibility is that "Haemus" (Αἵμος) derives from the Greek word haima (αἷμα) meaning 'blood'. Resources of energy are scarce, except in Kosovo, where considerable coal, lead, zinc, chromium and silver deposits are located. 4. Palatul Adevarul: From Bustling Newspaper Headquarters to Urban Ruin, Valuing Stuff Over Experiences: One Third of Americans Have Not Taken a Vacation in Two Years, 10 Reasons Why I Chose Chiang Mai as My Winter Home Base. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The education index with the PISA score at 420 in reading, 424 in science and 436 in mathematics proves a high level of education, which, however, can not be confirmed respectively at all levels, since only 24.8% have some academic title, even though in recent years the country has become a magnet for many young people, both at home and abroad, to study at Bulgarian universities. With the Pact, Yugoslavia was able to indirectly associate itself with NATO. . Bulgarian is also a Southern Slavic language, though Bulgaria was never part of Yugoslavia. It had a geopolitical rather than a geographical definition, which was further promoted during the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the early 20th century. The main ranges are the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina in Bulgarian language), running from the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria to the border with Serbia, the Rila-Rhodope massif in southern Bulgaria, the Dinaric Alps in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro, the Korab-Šar mountains which spreads from Kosovo to Albania and North Macedonia, and the Pindus range, spanning from southern Albania into central Greece and the Albanian Alps, and the Alps at the northwestern border. The term by most definitions fully encompasses Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, European Turkey, and a large part of Croatia and Serbia. In the case of religion, the Balkan Peninsula is overwhelmingly Christian, with the exception of the Bosniaks, Kosovars, and Albanians, who are mostly Muslim. Former head of Serbia's state security service Jovica Stanisic arrives to appear in . List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP) per capita [4] The highest point of the Balkans is Musala, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft), in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. There is, however, a distinction between what constitutes the Balkan Countries from a geographical perspective and what constitutes them from a political perspective. The concept of the Balkan Peninsula was created by the German geographer August Zeune in 1808,[5] who mistakenly considered the Balkan Mountains the dominant mountain system of Southeast Europe spanning from the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea. The online newspaper Balkan Times renamed itself Southeast European Times in 2003. The smallest state by population is Montenegro, which has a population of just over 622,000 people. Lampe, John R., and Marvin R. Jackson (1982). Press freedom reaches 64%, while the Press Freedom Index stands at 31.28%, indicators of catalytic importance, which in this case have an extremely low performance in terms of media freedom of a state that has occupied in recent years, especially Europe . Edit the label text in each row. [citation needed]. [31][32][33], Italy currently holds a small area around Trieste that is by some older definitions considered a part of the Balkan Peninsula. [25] In European books printed until late 1800s it was also known as Illyrian Peninsula or Illyrische Halbinsel in German. Other countries with a less than half of their total land area in the Balkan peninsula include Italy, Romania, Slovenia, and Turkey. EPC Summit in Moldova Hailed as 'Sign of European Solidarity' | Balkan ... 3. In the southern part, winters are milder. Some are also members of NATO. Serbia is a parliamentary democracy and its capital city is Belgrade. Specifically, the freedom of the press reaches 51% and the Index of Freedom of the Press reaches 30.35%. Western Balkans Regular Economic Report Fall 2022 Where We Work Europe and Central Asia publication Western Balkans Regular Economic Report: Fall 2022 Latest Issue: 22 A semi-annual report on recent economic developments and the outlook in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). Three other countries that are sometimes considered part of the Balkans are Bulgaria, Romania, and Moldova. These include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. At the same time, the index of trust is quite low. Is there any country that surprised you on this top? Western Balkans Regular Economic Report Spring 2023 - World Bank Group There are 11 countries that have all or part of their territory on the Balkan Peninsula. Some bonuses and penalties are added for refinement that, in the end, we hope presents an unbiased look into the potential conventional military strength of a world power. GREECE There exists no universal agreement on the region's components. The research presented in this paper was conducted in order to establish the level of economic freedom in the Balkan countries. List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal) per capita Βalkans in-site is a project created by Polls and Politics, Επενδύσεις και ανάπτυξη στα Δυτικά Βαλκάνια, The Comics as an instrument of propaganda in the Yugoslav wars. Moldova—although located north of the Danube River, which is frequently cited as the region’s northeastern geographic dividing line—is included in the Balkans under some definitions by virtue of its long-standing historical and cultural connections with Romania. Ethnic and religious tensions have been the cause of numerous armed conflicts in the Balkans. Your feedback is very helpful to us as we work to improve the site functionality on worldbank.org. After WWII, most of the Balkan Countries, except Greece, fell under communist control. For the purpose of this article, I’ll stick to the main Balkan countries, ie the first ones listed above. SARAJEVO, BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA The most notorious of all Balkan capitals, Sarajevo has an amazing history considering its size. [42] Other deposits of coal, especially in Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia, also exist. To put that in context, the US owes as much money as the next four countries with the highest debt including China ($14 trillion), Japan ($10.2 trillion), France ($3.1 trillion) and Italy ($2.9 . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Corrections? There’s also Kosovo, which is a disputed territory within Serbia. Confidence in the media amounts to 2.4 / 10, especially lower than 50%, which indicates the opposition of its citizens to misinformation and latent news. The Achaemenid Persian Empire incorporated parts of the Balkans comprising Macedonia, Thrace, parts of present-day Bulgaria, and the Black Sea coastal region of Romania between the late sixth and the first half of the fifth-century BC into its territories. The World Economic Forum's 2016/17 Global Competitiveness Report ranked Serbia 137th out of 138 countries for "capacity to retain talent". Countries that make up the Balkans | Britannica For this purpose, a multi-criteria ranking of Balkan countries based . We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. This region is bordered by the Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Slovenia and Croatia were the first to break away, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the 4th century bce they were pushed southward by Celtic invasions, and thereafter their territory did not extend much farther north than the Drin River. The daily situation in 11 Balkan countries focuses on similarities and differences between countries on a daily basis and since the beginning of the pandemic. Montenegro had the highest ranking of the Western Balkan countries, at 64th, up from 67th in 2020. In the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro sought to push the Ottoman Empire out of their remaining European territory. Also evident is the inability of the media to accept the effects of misinformation, due to the quality of the education system with the PISA score being in the field of reading at 421, science 415 and mathematics at 430 and only 20.3% of the population to have an academic background, a very low percentage which also entails the confidence index. Brussels to extend EU single market benefits to western Balkans ... Elsewhere, land cultivation is mostly unsuccessful because of the mountains, hot summers and poor soils, although certain cultures such as olive and grape flourish. ThoughtCo, Jun. There exists no universal agreement on the region's components. This year, Montenegro remains the highest-ranked country in the Western Balkans according to the Corruption Perceptions Index. There is not universal agreement on the region's components. It is a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic and the country's capital city is Prishtina. It would later change its name to Yugoslavia. Countries Bordering the Mediterranean Sea, Warsaw Pact: Definition, History, and Significance, Biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Founder of the Republic of Turkey, were once part of the former country of Yugoslavia, The World Factbook: Bosnia and Herzegovina, M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis. "The Balkans." This is a much lower pace of poverty reduction than in the pre-pandemic period, equivalent to only 160,000 people moving out of poverty in 2022. The GFP list makes use of over 60 factors in our in-house formula to determine a given nation's Power Index ('PwrIndx') score. Ethnicity is varied here, with 45% Montenegrin and 29% Serbian. Rosenberg, Matt. [4] Another issue is the name because the Balkan Mountains which are mostly located in Northern Bulgaria are not dominating the region by length and area like the Dinaric Alps. The origin of the word Balkan is obscure; it may be related to Turkish bālk 'mud' (from Proto-Turkic *bal 'mud, clay; thick or gluey substance', cf. The Balkans is a geo-political region comprising of 12 states within the Balkan Peninsula. For Germans, Austria itself, on account of its historic connections, is already tainted by Balkanic corruption and inefficiency. Petroleum scarce reserves exist in Greece, Serbia and Albania. The Wrong Things. [18] The Ottomans first mention it in a document dated from 1565. Poor households spend a higher proportion of their income on food and energy, the two items in the consumption basket with the highest price increases. The southern and coastal areas, however, have a Mediterranean type of climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, relatively rainy winters. The highest mountain of the region is Rila in Bulgaria, with Musala at 2,925 m, second being Mount Olympus in Greece, with Mytikas at 2,917 m, and Pirin mountain with Vihren, also in Bulgaria, being the third at 2915 m.[39][40] The karst field or polje is a common feature of the landscape. “Europe: Physical Geography.” National Geographic, 9 Oct. 2012. This region is surrounded by the Adriatic Sea, the Ionian Sea, the Aegean Sea, and the Black Sea. Among Russian travelers not so burdened by classical toponymy, Balkan was the preferred term". The Balkan Mountains have a significant impact on the climate of the Balkan Peninsula. The term “Balkan Countries”, or simply “The Balkans”, refers to the countries that are located on the Balkan Peninsula, which is situated in southeastern Europe. Many people in the Balkans place their greatest folk heroes in the era of either the onslaught or the retreat of the Ottoman Empire. Balkan countries control the direct land routes between Western Europe and South-West Asia (Asia Minor and the Middle East). Author of. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The Balkans gets its name from the mountain range in Bulgaria. [8] Related words are also found in other Turkic languages: Karakhanid balčɨq or balɨq, Turkish balčɨk, Tatar balčɨq, Middle Turkic balčɨq or palčɨq, Uzbek balčıq, Uighur balčuq, Azerbaijani palčɨg, Turkmen palčɨq, Khakassian palčax, Oyrat bal-qaš, Khalaj palčoq, Chuvash pɨlǯk, Yakut bɨlɨ̄k, Tuvinian balɣaš or malɣaš, Tofalar balxaš, Kazakh balšɨq or balqaš, Noghai balšɨq, Bashkir balsɨq, Karaim balčɨq, Salar palčɨx, Kumyk balčɨq. The Illyrians were more exclusive, their mountainous terrain keeping them separate from the Greeks and Thracians. Six Balkan countries - Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria - have been ranked among the top 50 countries in the world in the Doing Business Report of the World Bank. Media Literacy Index 2021. Northern Macedonia is ranked 35th as a country and consequently last. Author of, Lecturer in East European History, University of Oxford; Fellow of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford. The distribution of the population that has an academic certificate amounts to 27.7%, a particularly low percentage that does not reflect the educational opportunities offered by basic Greek education. There is a regional term often used when talking about the Balkan Peninsula and this is the Western Balkans. The states from the former Eastern Bloc that formerly had planned economy system and Turkey mark gradual economic growth each year. But size is also an important determinant of the region’s character, for its area is large enough to have provided important bases of occupation for the Byzantine and Turkish civilizations. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This nation has a total population of about 3.8 million people, most of whom speak either Bosnian, Croatian, or Serbian, many speaking all three. Countries in the . Balkan countries and Poland rank highest in lung cancer risk for ages ... Moldova, located in the eastern region of the Balkans, has a population of about 3.4 million people, 75% of whom are ethnic Moldovans. The Ottoman Empire soon joined the Central Powers becoming one of the three empires participating in that alliance. [24], Croatian geographers and academics are highly critical of inclusion of Croatia within the broad geographical, social-political and historical context of the Balkans, while the neologism Western Balkans is perceived as a humiliation of Croatia by the European political powers. It was cheap, there was delicious food, and the people were super friendly. Serbia ranks 29th and also belongs to the 4th group of countries. That caused a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, which—through the existing chains of alliances—led to the World War I. Sure, a small percentage of the human race (about 3%) are quite evil, but they’re not limited to country, culture or creed. Whereas the Slovenes and Croats write their languages using a Latin script, the other Slavic states use a Cyrillic script. Montenegro - the only WB country above the global average score. Almost no Balkan country today has a significant Jewish minority.[when? Freedom of the press reaches 23% and the index of freedom 22%, indicating the silencing of the media and their submission to the respective government. We face big challenges to help the world’s poorest people and ensure that everyone sees benefits from economic growth. For Slovenes, it begins with Croatia, and we Slovenes are the last outpost of the peaceful Mitteleuropa. In July 2010, the International Court of Justice, ruled that the declaration of independence was legal. The borders of the Balkans are due to many contrasting definitions disputed. The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. “The World Factbook: Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Central Intelligence Agency, 3 June 2021. Before you leave, we’d love to get your feedback on your experience while you were here. Balkan countries and Poland rank highest in lung cancer risk for ages 50 to 69, attributable to air pollution by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Credit: Pixabay/CC0. Retrieved from: https://balkansinsite.pollsandpolitics.gr/deiktis-alfavitismoy-mme-2021-stis-teley/, By Kateryna Shymkevych The fall of Yugoslavia provoked a series of interethnic conflicts and committing of the war crimes against. Discover Which Countries Are Included in the Balkan Region of Europe. Fight Against Corruption Stagnating in Balkans ... - Balkan Insight Natural gas deposits are scarce. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the small and close-knit Jewish community is 90% Sephardic, and Ladino is still spoken among the elderly. Updated on February 02, 2020 The 11 countries lying on the Balkan Peninsula are called the Balkan states or just the Balkans. "The Balkans." This is a sortable list of all European countries by their gross domestic product in billions of US dollars at market or official government exchange rates (nominal GDP), according to the International Monetary Fund.The economic and political map of Europe also includes: Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Kosovo. [69] Most UN member states recognise Kosovo. Increasingly in the early 21st century, another pair of definitional terms has gained currency: South East (also styled South-East, Southeast, South-Eastern, or Southeastern) Europe, which has been employed to describe the region in broad terms (though, again, without universal agreement on its component states) and the Western Balkans, which are usually said to comprise Albania, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The term Balkan Peninsula was a synonym for Rumelia in the 19th century, the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The Balkans are washed by the Adriatic Sea in the west, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, and the Black Sea in the east. Το μοναδικό παρατηρητήριο Βαλκανίων στην Ελλάδα! In ancient times, the Balkan Peninsula was largely dominated by the Greeks and Illyrians, the latter of whom were the precursors of the modern-day Albanians. Finally, at the end of 1944, the Soviets entered Romania and Bulgaria forcing the Germans out of the Balkans. Download All Country Notes Zeus injured Typhon with a thunder bolt and Typhon's blood fell on the mountains, from which they got their name. In the southern part and on the coast there is evergreen vegetation. Bulgaria marks the beginning of Second Balkan War when it attacked them. According to the ranking of the Literacy Index 2021 in the media, the Balkan countries are in the last places out of the 35 European countries included in the Index, which stems, as shown below, from the lack of low level education they receive, with very few exceptions. [23][24] The land has a too wide line connected to the continent to be technically proclaimed as a peninsula - Szczecin (920 km) and Rostock (950 km) at the Baltic Sea are closer to Trieste than Odesa yet it is not considered as another European peninsula. Top Richest Countries in The Balkans (GDP Per Capita): Greece ... - YouTube The Balkan region was the first area in Europe to experience the arrival of farming cultures in the Neolithic era. Securing alternative energy resources, including through investment in renewables, also needs to be a priority ahead of the next winter. Romani is spoken by a large portion of the Romanis living throughout the Balkan countries.
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